The Eye Motif In The Tell Tale Heart And The Raven By...

On January 19, 1809, Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts. In spite of experiencing several tragedies throughout his life, Poe had a successful career by writing short anecdotes. Most of Edgar Allan Poe’s stories have been known for having recurring literary devices such as motifs.The motifs of the eye and heart are found in the story The Tell Tale Heart and The Pit and the Pendulum. However, in the Tell Tale Heart and the Raven, the motif that is commonly used is the unnamed narrator. The reason for Poe using these motifs remains unknown at first glance but, once analyzing these motifs, one can identify their purpose. To begin, the eye motif is used in The Tell Tale Heart. The old man in the story, has cataract on his left†¦show more content†¦The plot of the story revolves around the motif of the eye and it also gives justification for the narrator to kill the old man. Similarly, in The Pit and the Pendulum, the eye motif is utilized as the driving force of the plot and affects the reader. The narrator of the story is captured by an inquisitorial group and is tortured. In the story, â€Å"I (the narrator) had scarcely stepped away from the bed of horror when the hellish machine stopped. I saw it being pulled up through the ceiling by some invisible force† (Poe 145). Once the narrator narrowly escapes from the brutal slaying, immediately, the pendulum stops moving. Starting and stopping the pendulum was done by inquisitors who serve as eyes for the cult leader. Again, the plot action of this story is dependent on the eye motif. When the narrator escapes from the binding, new problems arise for the narrator because the people who were watching him (the eyes) immediately executed their next backup plan. According to the text, after the pendulum stopped, â€Å"I (The narrator) shrank from the glowing metal to the center of the cell. I thought o f the fiery destruction that was near† (Poe 156). The narrator needs to escape from the constant back up methods of torture implemented by the tormentors. Back to back tortures caused by the inquisitors drive the story forward. In addition, this constant escape also affects the reader as well. The eye (inquisitors) is the reason for deployingShow MoreRelatedHumorous Humor Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Dark Hearted 1675 Words   |  7 PagesPoe: Lighthearted Humor in a Darkened Heart Edgar Allan Poe, the dark hearted author! When speaking of Poe, readers would most likely associate him as a dark and dreary author. His uses of vivid, shadowy imagery and themes of death and despair lurk within the minds of his audiences. Poe, however, subtly injects his works with humor that may not easily be spotted by the human eye. Why exactly would Poe inject humor into his horror stories, since they aren’t comedies? To begin, the use of humor inRead MoreGothic Literature : `` Tell Tale Heart `` And `` The Raven ``1698 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough Edgar allan Poe. Edgar Allan has a number of common Themes, motifs and structures that make his work easily recognizable and more importantly, fits his stories into the classification of the gothic. Among these elements, they include the theme of death and decay, which is almost always in Gothic fiction, the theme or presence of madness, insanity or other internal chaos, and haunted or creepy locations. Some stories by Poe that include these elements are, â€Å"Tell-Tale heart† and â€Å"The Raven†. EdgarRead MoreAnalysis of Poes Successes and Failures in Poetry and Fiction1745 Words   |  7 PagesAn Analysis of Poes Successes and Failures in Poetry and Fiction Edgar Allan Poes career may have been a failure considering what he set out to do, but he did achieve some success and notoriety in his own lifetime. His most successful poem was, of course, The Raven, a piece he composed to satisfy popular taste. But some of his short fiction was popular as well. As an editor and publisher, however, Poe did not quite achieve the greatness he sought. His legacy grew only after his death, thanksRead MoreThe Gothic Theme of Edgar Allen Poes Work1357 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allen Poe was an English short-story writer whose work reflects the traditional Gothic conventions of the time that subverted the ambivalence of the grotesque and arabesque. Through thematic conventions of the Gothic genre, literary devices and his own auteur, Edgar Allan Poe’s texts are considered sublime examples of Gothic fiction. The Gothic genre within Poe’s work such as The Tell-Tale Heart, The Black Cat, and The Raven, arouse the pervasive nature of the dark side of individualism andRead MoreFor the Love of God, Poe! Essay1359 Words   |  6 PagesIt is not at all surprising that so many of Edgar Allan Poe’s works explore such themes as death, eyes, the power of the dead over the power of the living, retribution, the human conscience, and especially death and murder. From his disturbingly morbid short story â€Å"The Telltale Heart† to the mysteriously supernatural poem â€Å"The Raven†, Poe’s tales are a direct byproduct of the mayhem experienced in his life, as well as his (arguably) psychologically-tormented mind. Though all of this author’s piecesRead More Juxtaposing the Most Similar Contradiction in Edgar Allan Poes Work2077 Words   |  9 PagesThroughout all of Edgar Allan Poes works are common ideas that oppose each such as madness versus sanity, reality versus the imagined reality and life versus death. Usually these sentiments are taken as contrasting ideas with little similarities to each other, like black and white. However, many of these motifs are situated in the grey category. Poe uses the communal thought pathway to highlight its antithesis; the pathway of grey. With the new pathway, he emphasizes the similarities of the opposingRead MoreSimilar Gothic Elements in the Work of Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne2436 Words   |  10 PagesElements in the Work of Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne Nathaniel Hawthorne and Edgar Allan Poe are considered masters of American gothic fiction. They used similar gothic elements in their writing and used it to build up a sense of impending doom. Even today numerous readers enjoy, study, and discuss the gothic elements both utilized in their work. Gothic writing is a style that is concerned with the dark side of society, an evil that lies within the self. Poe and Hawthorne contributedRead MoreThe Father Of The Detective Story1593 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Father of the Detective Story†: How Edgar Allan Poe Developed and Influenced the Detective Fiction Genre Edgar Allan Poe has become a household name in the literary world. His unique writing style has earned him much-deserved respect and recognition. Poe s poetry and short story oeuvre follows a consistent, melancholy theme of death and darkness that has captured and haunted readers for years (Baym, et al. 683). Perhaps his most legendary contribution to literature is his creation of theRead MoreEssay Biography of Edgar Allan Poe3244 Words   |  13 PagesBiography of Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe is a man who is considered to be a true American genius of our time, and by many, the personification of death. His works have been collected and celebrated for over a hundred years from this day. He was a man who’s dreary horror tales captured and frightened the minds of millions. Poe differed from most other acclaimed writers though. The readers of his work do not admire him because they fall in love with his characters or because his writing touchesRead MoreAnalysis Of Poe s The Fall Of The House Of Usher 3197 Words   |  13 PagesDecember 10, 2014 Poe’s â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† Edgar Allan Poe is an American poet from the early 1800s who has been regarded in many literary handbooks as â€Å"the architect of the modern short story† (Poetry Foundation). Since his death in 1849, Poe has become world renowned for his critical theories as well as his many haunting poems and short stories. But Poe s work hasn’t always been as popular as it is today. In 1827, Poe published his first collection of poetry, Tamerlane, and Other

The Role of the Economy in our Everyday Lives - 1135 Words

Individuals are always confronted with decisions. America is changing into being more materialistic and it is becoming a problem in schools. It may be a matter of constrained time. The economy is critical on the grounds that it widens our comprehension, which thusly enhances the expectations for everyday comforts. Matters of trade and profit are paramount to ordinary life on the grounds that it gives social order an adjusted and composed framework for cash administration and business cycles. What ties the individuals and their lives together is the manner by which they choose to settle on the decisions against the risk of lack. The economy is about why individuals settle on the decisions they do and what the suggestions or impacts of those†¦show more content†¦Matters in profit making is about flexibility, also: in the economy, individuals are allowed to do what they need, on the grounds that the business sector itself will choose what to process and how to handle. Joan Smit h once said from her story â€Å"Shop Happy,† that â€Å" Wanting to acquire the things that we see and like is as natural as breathing,† (Smith 490). Its a well-known fact that our economy isnt doing the best. Dominant parts of individuals have seen some swelling all over there and they have their methods for managing it. The part of the economy is to make formal connections around individuals as their day by day business of living. The economy is good to the connections that individuals have with one another in the public eye regularly. They are idealistic and are quick to connect with one another and strive to be imaginative and creative so as to enhance things. The economy is awful when individuals get critical and feel demotivated to invest exertion in light of the fact that they feel that there is risk out there or that there is grave unfairness in the public arena. The underlying inspiring energy of social order in this manner has a significant effect on whats to come for the economy. Instead of obtaining comfort from family, several Americans gain comfort from their things, and their things are what build them happy. Families now eat meals in separate rooms as a result of their additional committed theirShow MoreRelatedNasa Essay1161 Words   |  5 Pagesto the United States by supporting the national economy, making technological advances, and inspiring people around the world. Increasing the federal budget for NASA will subsequently increase their contribution to the country. On September 17th, 2007, NASA Administrator Michael Griffin delivered a lecture that addressed the critical role that space exploration plays in the global economy. During this lecture, Griffin stated that â€Å"the ‘space economy’ was estimated at about $180 billion in 2005, accordingRead MoreThe Family Of The American Family1179 Words   |  5 Pagesdue to its ability to adapt to changes in our society, economy, and cultures. Families are and have always been the foundation of our society. Today, many types of families exist, making family life and society more diverse. Family types such as blended families, single-parent families, adoptive families, step-families, gay families, lesbian families, and transgendered families exist today. Families are shaped as a result of culture shifts and the economy. The changes and issues associated withRead MoreThe events of the 1930’s, or the Great Depression, did the most to influence contemporary America.900 Words à ‚  |  4 Pagesthe most to influence contemporary America. During the twenties, America was at its most prosperous economic times until the stock market crashed in 1929. The stock market crash led to a dramatic decline of the U.S. economy. The decline in the economy changed Americans everyday lives. In 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected president and he created the New Deal to provide relief, recovery and reform. The Depression impacted America in the 1930’s in every aspect of life and still impacts AmericaRead MoreHow Does Energy Affect Our Safety Through Our National Security?1493 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironment, saving money or improving the economy; conserving energy has a lot more to it than many people will ever know. Everything we do requires energy. There is heat energy, light energy, mechanical energy, electrical energy, chemical energy, nuclear energy, and so on. The fact that I was most intrigued by is that energy plays a big part in our national security. M y big question is: How does energy affect our safety through our national security? As our Nation’s previous President, George W. 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The name â€Å"Household Sector† just simply means a person’s everyday wants and needs. The Business sector is our factory workers or worker ants as I like to call them. Made up of all different types of companies that leads its self-back to the Household sector to produce our everyday wants and needs. The sole purpose is the production of goods and services. Some business can be smallRead More Pros and Cons of Globalization and Localization Essays1487 Words   |  6 Pageshave been blessed with a stable economy. There has always been the extreme feeling of complacency and stability that comes with being a very large, internationally respected country. Strangely enough, America does not only reap the benefits of globalization, but it also basks in the glory of localization. We have, as a cou ntry, experienced much success both internationally and domestically. For example, without our international businesses booming the way they are, our country would suffer from a greatRead MoreHow Politics Is The United States?904 Words   |  4 Pagespersonal lives better than the rest. I feel that politics is a topic that feels relevant to all because politics in our society of Regulated economic Capitalism is a society which puts very important roles on the Government in â€Å"industry, business and land†. Also we let the Government run our political system of Advanced industrial Democracy which is largely in charge of â€Å" political freedom within a free-market economy(13).† I believe that all of this topic are very relevant to my everyday life. I

Case Study “the Hollywood Film Industry and the Role of...

1. Characterise the advantages of independent film making. New faces have been introduced. Actors can step outside typical typecast roles. Based on one’s creativity. Low-budget film making. Allows the artist to circumvent excessive studio control on their projects Directors can craft their own unique vision. Writers can often see their scripted vision through the entire development process. Did not have permanent staff and would bring people together to make a film on short term contract basis. 2. Compare the industry network of Hollywood with that of the motor sport valley in the United Kingdom a) Industry network of Hollywood. A project-based enterprise. Has develops a wide range of skills and†¦show more content†¦To make a film, resources is required and a financial backer is involved (i.e. the producer) who is responsible for getting the film made. The artistic and creative input lies with the director and is separate from the financial responsibilities that lie with the producer. If it is the big budgeting films, many temporary crews may be needed. A film company employs all its workers just like other companies did. The producer and director use both their social networks and work networks to locate the necessary skills as well as appoint leading players responsible for appointing all the necessary crews required. Although these crews meant for temporary work only, their skills are most needed during the production stage of film shooting. The crews’ employment rise as the production begins. On the pre-production and post production stage, only several crews’ needed depending on their skills. At the end of making the film the organisation formed for this purposes ceases to exist, leaving no fixed assets and no structure for continued learning. 4. If the organisation is dissolved after completing the making of the film what happens to the skills and competencies learn and developed? Learning and sharing of knowledge is undertaken during these periods. Actors and actresses in demand, after completing a film shoot, they will moved to another film project a long time before the film is

The Moral Value Of Factory Farming Essay - 1899 Words

As the global population has reached over ten billion, there has been a growth in industrialization, a revolution in technology, and the evolvement of new concepts to create mass production. With this development comes positive and negative ideas on how to process the demand for different substances and how to be efficient economically and sufficiently. With factory farmed animals suffering unfair treatment, large quantities of animals are being abused and slaughtered. This can cause people to develop negative ideas about the industry. However, still, today, ninety-nine percent of the meat Americans consume come from large-scale factory farms with mass production and abusive practices. This is due to efficiency and allowing this industry to make more profit. With the meat industry continuing to grow and the process becoming more industrialized, many people have considered the moral value of factory farming and if it considered right or wrong. Many philosophers have discussed this mor al issue and have applied their ideas to different ethical theories. With the utilitarian ethical theory, different moral principles are examined to define factory farming as being right or wrong, as well as if the different consequences outweigh the mistreatment and abuse. By using the utilitarian point of view, reasoning is based on consequences and the absolute goal of happiness. In the perspective of a utilitarian, actions or policies are not good or bad in themselves because this theory isShow MoreRelatedAll Animals Are Equal By Peter Singer1487 Words   |  6 Pagesrights regarding animals, before finally exposing the immorality behind factory farming and animal cruelty. According to Singer, â€Å"the basic principle of equality†¦is equality of consideration; and equal consideration for different beings may lead to different treatment and different rights† (Singer 1974, 506). Based off proposed animals’ rights to equal consideration, Singer formats his main arguments against factory farming and the mistreatment of animals in general. These arguments stem from theRead MoreThe Humane Treatment of Animals vs. Factory Farms1407 Words   |  6 PagesDeanda Jones The Humane Treatment of Animals vs. Factory Farms The first questions we have to ask ourselves; do animals have rights, do they have feelings, do they feel pain, do they need as we do? To find the answer, one needs merely to think back on empirical data if one has ever owned or been around an animal, a dog or a cat, or horses or farm animals. Take for instance a mother cat. When a mother has kittens, she looks for a sheltered, warm, safe place to do so. When theyRead MoreNew Zealanders Should Never Dream Of Being Cruel1604 Words   |  7 Pagesbeings. Therefore they are capable of being aware of sensations and emotions of feeling pain and suffering. In today’s world, factory farming has become popular as they are cheaper ways to produce more output efficiently. The industry strives to maximize output and revenue while minimising cost at the expense of animals. The giant companies that run most of the factory farming have developed caging systems which allow for greater animals to be living in small crammed space for greater profit and outputRead MoreEssay What Moral and Ethical Obligations do Humans Have to Animals1492 Words   |  6 Pageshas been a shift in the way agricultural practices operate to produce the large quantities of meat and eggs necessary to feed the population. The intensive farming method of animal husbandry has become quite a controversial issue and caused apprehension amongst many different factions of society. These concerns relate to how high density farming practices result in dangers associated with environmental impacts, human health and non-human welfare. Animal welfare/animal rights groups argue that the conditionsRead MoreThe Main Strengths And Weaknesses Of The Arguments867 Words   |  4 Pages Peter Singer is a moral philosopher that approaches ethical issues from both a utilitarian and vegetarian point of view. Utilitarianism is a theory in which one’s action maximizes utility, to generate total benefit and reducing negatives. In Peter Singer’s essay, Utilitarinism and Vegetarianism, he argues that people who follow and apply the principles of utilitarianism should ultimately become vegetarians and that vegetarians should follow utilitarianism. This paper will review and evaluate theRead MoreThe Ethics of Eating Meat Essay663 Words    |  3 Pagesdiet of mankind since the early ages of civilization. In the article â€Å"Is Any Meat Good to Eat?† by Sarah Boesveld, she interviews author Jonathan Safran to share his opinion on eating meat and factory farming. He believes that â€Å"...if [people] just ate according to the values they already have, then factory farming would disappear.† Whether or not people realize the sources from which meat in modern day society comes from, they cannot deny the fact that meat is delectable. Sadly, many people who are awareRead MoreEating Meat1286 Words   |  6 Pagesall over the world. Every day, thousands of animals are killed for the production of food for people. We have been brought up eating meat and never questioned it. It is culturally accepted even though modern livestock and poultry production (factory farming) is cruel and gives animals no other purpose for existence except for human consumption. There are particular religions which prohibit eating certa in meats or eating meat at all. The religious points of view also cover the topic on the treatmentRead MoreThe Effects Of A Nation s Industrialized Food System Essay1628 Words   |  7 Pagesnation’s modern industrial farming has become more than only feeding people; it has become a way for the food industry to make more money as human population continues to grow. The food industry has transformed not only how people eat, but also has had negative effect on our climate as a result of factory farming as illustrated by Anna Lappe in â€Å"The Climate Crisis at the End of Our Fork†. Jonathan Safran Foer in his book Eating Animals, illustrates the effects factory farming has had on animals meantRead MoreEating Animals By Jonathan Safran Foer Essay1608 Words   |  7 PagesOur nation’s industrial farming has become more than just feeding people; it has become a way for the food industry to make more money as human population continues to grow. 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Gays In The Military A Matter Of free essay sample

National Insecurity Essay, Research Paper Very frequently political establishments reflect the will of society and set the case in point for norms that will be expected of its members. The United States Military is still implementing antediluvian policies which threaten to harm the rules our state was founded upon. The rules of freedom and equality are those that every American holds closest to their bosom, that is unless you are in the military and are gay. The issue of homosexuals in the armed forces has developed into a instance of whether our state should know apart against a group simply because of nonvoluntary sexual orientation. Two relentless rules are apparent within this subject: that homophiles are of all time present throughout all subdivisions of the military and a relentless ill will against this group is in American society and the military. In order to efficaciously analyze this subject the undermentioned constructs will be discussed: an analysis of the current Department Of Defense policy refering homosexual s, solutions to cut down homophobia in the armed forces, a policy theoretical account refering homophiles in the military ( Lepicer 1-14 ) . Prior to the reaching of the Clinton Administration with its docket to radically revise military policy sing the credence and intervention of homophiles, Department of Defense policy was good established and clear. Legal inquiries began to be raised in civilian tribunals disputing the military exclusion and discharge policies in the 1960 s and 1970 s. The services were forced to explicate and clearly warrant specific bounds and processs used in relation to service members claiming to be homosexual or convicted of such behaviour. During the Carter Administration a clear policy was signed into jurisprudence. It reads: Homosexuality is incompatible with military service. The presence in the military environment of individuals who engage in homosexual behavior or who, by their statements, show a leaning to prosecute in such behavior, earnestly impairs the achievement of the military mission. The presence of such members adversely affects the ability of the Military Services to keep subject, good order, and morale: to further common trust and assurance among service members ; to guarantee the unity of the system of rank and bid ; to ease assignment and world-wide deployment of service members who often must populate and work under close conditions affording minimum privateness ; to enroll and retain members of the Military Services: to keep the public acceptableness of military service ; and to forestall breaches of security ( Lepicer ) . Everyone agrees that homosexuals were already in the military, but homosexuals want to function their state out of the cupboard. This construct pitted the homosexual community against the diehards who want to maintain them out. The consequence is a compromising # 8220 ; Don t ask / Don t Tell # 8221 ; policy which prevents recruiters from asking about an enlistees sexual penchant. The intent of the armed forces is to kill people and complete the mission at manus. Therefore anything that hinders the military from carry throughing this function is a possible menace to national security and must be looked at in an nonsubjective mode. The military s attitude towards homophiles day of the months back to the Revolutionary War when General George Washington approved the discharge and tribunal Martial of an officer for attempted buggery. Every twelvemonth more than 800 service members are separated from the military based on sexual orientation. The Department Of Defense current policy is b oth prejudiced and uneffective. Homosexuals should hold the right to function their state every bit long as their occupation public presentation is non affected by their private life. Presently the armed forces does non actively seek out and prosecute heterosexual service members who engage in buggery but they will travel to great lenghts to look into mere claims of homosexual behavior. Often history repetitions itself and the integrating of African Americans into the armed forces was one which met great resistance but is now an recognized rule. We as a state can see the folly and downright bias that was involved in the resistance of integrating of minorities into our military, one which in 20 old ages we may compare with the current statements affecting homosexuals in the military ( Wornsop 195-212, Schlueter 393-432 ) . In his article, # 8220 ; Not Asking or Telling: No redress, # 8221 ; in the March 25, 1995, edition of the National Journal, David Morrison suggests that President Clinton s policy of # 8220 ; Don T ask, Don T Tell, Don t Pursue # 8221 ; has done little to stop the contention. The new policy is nil more than a reworded version of the old policy. The new policy forbids enquiries based on # 8220 ; rumour, intuition, or freakish claims sing a member s sexual orientation. # 8221 ; But in world this has non stopped some commanding officers. The Service Members Legal Defense Network cites these instances: a service member investigated after an anon. phone call, and another investigated because he had taken notes for a category on homosexualism. These instances show clearly how military leaders blatantly violate both current policy and single rights ( Morrison 748-749 ) . Defense Department functionaries say that the policy appears to be working because the figure of discharges is down. There appears to be a distinguishable struggle between the instances that are reported and the Pentagons statements that center around the premiss that there have been no misdemeanors of the policy. In her book, Homosexuals And The Right To Serve, Major Melissa Wells-Petry discusses the military s expostulations to raising the prohibition. One of the chief issues is that of gender segregation. The writer explains that gender segregation is based on two rules: # 8221 ; Peoples have a penchant for people of the opposite sex and they should be allowed to take to whom they expose an facet of their sexuality. # 8221 ; Raising the prohibition would expose the parody that their are no homophiles in the armed forces. The statement is frequently brought up that says the presence of homophiles detracts from the military mission is present in both written policy and existent be lief. In world anyone prosecuting in any sexual activity in the military environment threatens the mission of the armed forces. The differentiation of homosexual activity has no cogency or bearing on the truth of the affair. It is impossible to see how homophiles can take away from the care of good order wh en about 75 % of those already in the armed forces are neer discovered. If a individual causes a job with order, morale or subject they should be separated from service regardless of sexual orientation ( Wells, Davis 54-107 ) . The thought that homophiles pose a security hazard is clearly baseless since in a House Of Representatives Committee on National Security study proves homosexuals are less of a hazard. Of the 117 reported espionage instances between 1945 and 1991 merely 6 involved homophiles. The key to stoping favoritism based on sexual orientation in the armed forces is to convey an terminal to homophobia or antigay prejudice. In the book After The Ball: How America Will Conquer It s Fear A ; Hatred Of Gays In The 90 s, the writers explore the ways to assist America accept homophiles. The techniques proposed are desensitisation, jamming, and transition. Desensitization aims at trying to take down the degree of anti-gay rhetoric. If we can efficaciously incorporate homophiles in the military so the freshness of homophiles will diminsh and so will the associated bias. Jamming is an aggressive and active attack which uses a psychological procedure that uses two viing theories that are associated. One illustration of thronging the armed forces could utilize is sensitiveness developing which will both educate the nescient person and besides acquire the person to experience shame for holding such an unsupported bias for an laden group. The construct of of transition is really altering 1s positions and beliefs. This thought is most effectual when people are exposed to homophiles in their mundane lives. If the military continues to make conditions which discourage an person from openly declaring their homosexualism so bias will go on and the us vs. them outlook will boom. If person discovers a friend is homosexual but is still really much like themselves so the construct of homosexualism becomes irrelevant. When people have prejudice against a certain group they rationalize by stating how different they are from them. It is apparent that the issues involved with raising the prohibition on African Americans in the armed forces has some really distinguishable similarities with the iss ue of homophiles. Tim Mcfeeley, executive manager of the Human Rights Campaign Fund provinces, # 8220 ; Homosexuals are being persecuted in the armed forces for being different from the mainstream, merely as inkinesss were maltreated in the 1940 s and 50 s # 8221 ; ( Duke A1, House Of Representatives 95-21 ) . From the Revolutionary War to show twenty-four hours homophiles have served in the military with differentiation and pride. Yet although many have died in defence of the rules upon which our state was founded they are being denied the cardinal rights of autonomy and equality. Thousands of members of our military have been denied their right to function their state and a calling in the military basically because they are cheery. In the procedure of transfusing antediluvian rules upon the military our state has compromised its combat effectivity and undermined institutional unity. In his address denoting the # 8221 ; Don t ask Don T Tell, # 8221 ; policy President Clinton makes a really compelling statement against favoritism. Because the military # 8221 ; is an establishment that embodies the best in America and must reflect the society in which it operates, it is besides right for the military to do alterations when the clip for alteration is at manus. I strongly believe that the military, like our society, needs the endowments of every individual who wants to do a part # 8221 ; Certainly the clip for alteration is upon us. The military must halt discriminating based upon sexual orientation. If occupation public presentation is affected by any factor so the service member must be allowed to rectify the lacks or be separated. But if the footing for probe is mere intuition or beliefs that such behaviour may impact the organisation this is non a valid rule. The military must non let unlogical biass to drive forces policies. The turning figure of military organisations and para- military organisations that accept openly cheery persons proves the Pentagons frights are baseless. The Pentagon has stated that openly cheery service members threaten morale and contending effectivity. A General Accounting Office reappraisal found that out of 17 foreign military forces merely four explicitly ban homophiles from service. This shows America is in demand of a policy alter ation and it must be just and compendious ( House Of Representatives ) . Many veterans and soldiers feel that even if the prohibition were lifted it would non better conditions or increase credence degrees of homosexuals in the military. But raising the prohibition would alleviate the force per unit area on homosexual members which would interpret into an increased proficiency of occupation public presentation. Raising the prohibition would besides let jurisprudence enforcement and investigory bureaus to re-direct their resources toward condemnable misdemeanors instead than implementing ethical motives upon the minority. Research indicates that in foreign states that allow homophiles to function the figure of openly cheery persons is rather little. The bulk of the members were distinct and there were few jobs caused by the presence of homosexual members. Very frequently the forbiddance of a specific group causes members of society to keep irrational beliefs and so prosecute in violent activity against those categories of people they believe are a menace t o the groups unity. Heterosexuals are frequently more accepting of those with alternate life styles when this group is non banned by the prevailing authorization. Emphasis must be placed on behaviour, behavior and work public presentation. Military leading must reassure both the minority and the bulk by back uping everyone s right to take ( Lolorado C1 ) . Clearly the grounds supports the lifting of the cheery prohibition in full. The military s favoritism of single based on sexual orientation is non merely morally incorrect but collides with the rules our state was founded upon, equality and freedom. Our state has learned of import things from the integrating of African Americans into our military. The success of both our state and military depends upon the use of all of the resources that are available. America can non vie efficaciously if it relies upon outdated biass which are wholly without virtue. Sexual orientation is a personal private issue and non one which compromises national security. 370

Database Management System Relational Data Structures CQR

Question: Alan Counting, Edward Quals and Peter Rofit are in partnership in an accounting practice, CQR. The practice specialises in taxation, auditing and financial advice for small to medium sized clients. They started the practice in 2005 and it has grown to now employ 25 people. These employees include other accountants and office staff. Alan, Edward and Peter believe the practice is headed for a period of significant growth and have come to you to help them redevelop their Client Billing (CB) system so that it copes better with their workflows and supports future growth opportunities. At the moment, when a client turns up for a scheduled appointment or when an accountant visits a client, the client's information is referenced using the clients name. If it is the first contact between the practice and client, the client is asked to complete their details (i.e. name, address, contact name, contact number, ABN, TFN, structure, sector, service) on a client information form. Some of this information is optional based on the type of client and area they operate in. For example, some clients are simply salary and wage earners looking for assistance to complete tax returns and would not have an ABN, whilst others are companies requiring advice and assistance with the many different aspects of operating their business. Once the relevant information is obtained for a new client, a unique client number is allocated to the client. The client is the legal entity being dealt with by the practice and clients are created based on their business structure type. A client record can only have one structure type. Examples include sole trader, individual, private company, partnership and trust. If for example, two individuals operate a business as a private company, and they want their companys tax return completed as well as their own, a client record would be created for that private company and separate client records would be set up to deal with the affairs of each of the individuals. There are circumstances though where a legal entity sits within another but this is not obvious e.g. where the practice performs superannuation duties and compiles returns for a self-managed superannuation fund for an individual. In these circumstances, there are two client records - the individual and the superannuation fund. Sectors are the broad categories that allow grouping of clients for reporting purposes. Examples include retail, construction, financial services, hospitality and manufacturing. Occasionally new sector categories are created and the practice would like to record these with their code and description in a CRICOS Provider No. 00103D ITECH1006/5006 Database Management Systems - Assignment 1 Specification Sem3 2014 (201427) Vn. 2 Page 2 of 7 separate table. They would also like to be able to record that a client may operate in none, one or more sectors. Services are the broad categories that the practice offers. Examples include auditing, taxation, financial planning, corporate advice and superannuation administration. The practice would like to be able to record that a client must use at least one service but may use a number of services. The practice has a separate Human Resources (HR) system recording all employee details but for the purposes of billing, they record specific billing details about an employee within the CB system. This information is recorded based on the unique employee number assigned in the HR system. Within the CB system, all employees including Alan, Edward and Peter are given an employment domain, employee type, a charging/billing rate (see below) and an audit supervisor identifier. An employee may have multiple employment domains e.g. taxation, auditing, superannuation but only has one employee type e.g. accountant, administrator. The audit supervisor status refers to whether or not another employee is responsible for supervising and signing off on the audit of a client i.e. only the supervisor highest in the hierarchy is able to sign-off. Further details are recorded for each employee based on qualifications. An employee may have many qualifications and they may be specific to the particular employee type e.g. employees cannot have a public practice certificate unless they are an accountant. These qualifications should be chosen from a set rather than being separately keyed for each employee but they have had problems in their current system with ensuring the integrity of this data. All contact with the client - appointments at the client or at the practice's offices, letters, emails, phone calls to and from the client, auditing and stocktaking at the client - is billable to the client. All work conducted on behalf of the client - completing tax, superannuation or BAS returns, preparing Profit and Loss and Balance Sheet statements for the various legal entities used by a client/s, reviewing legislation or communicating with statutory authorities on behalf of the client - is also billable to the client. All staff bill/charge in spans of 15 minutes. That is, they record the amount of time they work on a particular client by entering a starting date and time for the work they do, as well as a category of work (these are from a reference set common to many accounting practices and occasionally have new references added) and must charge a minimum time of 15 minutes and charge in multiples of this amount. When they have finished their particular activity, they key in an ending time. They always end any opened charges on the same day. An employee can work for and bill against none, one or many clients. Two or more employees could work together on a job and in such a case separate billing records would be created for each employee. All employees as well as Alan, Edward and Peter have a charging rate which is the rate at which each individual is billed to the client. The charging rate is an hourly figure. The charging rates are reviewed yearly by Alan, Edward and Peter. Their review is based on consideration of: (a) the experience and salary of employees; (b) the overheads of the practice (some costs are not directly attributable to the client but are incurred as part of the running of the practice); and (c) their hoped for profit and distributions to themselves as partners. Alan, Edward and Peter generally follow a process of determining the hourly charge/bill rate per employee based on the employee's salary and then multiply by the same factor for all to arrive at thefinal charge rate for the employee. You are not expected to provide the algorithm for this process but as noted below they would like to record the rate and time period for which it applies. As well as charging employee time, the practice also on-charges for services or costs that are directly incurred on behalf of the client e.g. lodgement fees, penalties or fines. At the end of each month the practice runs its monthly account run. The outstanding balance from the previous month for a client is obtained (stored previously), any payments or credits received are itemised, any work or on-costs performed for the client are also itemised and an outstanding balance for the client is calculated (stored) and included on the account. In some cases, summaries of accounts are also produced and an amalgamated account sent to an individual responsible for payment of a number of different billing clients. All these processes are handled by a separate, existing Accounts Payable (AP) system. You do not need to do anything in this assignment with respect to the monthly account run and this description is provided as background. As part of their intended improvements, Alan, Edward and Peter would like their system to handle the following situations: (a) For new and existing clients, the sector they operate in is recorded literally against each client rather than allowing for predefined categories to be used and therefore allow multiple categories to be assigned to the client. Alan, Edward and Peter believe if they could correctly record these categories they could identify growth areas with individual clients and within sectors themselves; (b) Alan, Edward and Peter believe there is similar scope to offer add-on services to clients but the data recorded against the client is literal and does not align with the categorisation of services provided by the practice. Generally what is recorded is the 'service' the client originally contacted the practice to perform and because of this the practice may be unclear or missing out on offering other services the client would benefit from; (c) Up to now the practice has not been able to keep historical employee charging rates - when the new rates are keyed in, the historical records are lost - as that information is not kept to that detail in the AP system. Alan, Edward and Peter would like this to change so that it is possible to record the rate per employee against a time period for which the rate applies. They would like this functionality to be in the CB system; (d) The practice would like some idea of how clients 'fit together'. That is they would like to be able to understand how many clients they have that are related in some way but are separated by legal structures. This will assist them with understanding if they have missed out on any service opportunities with existing clients. For example they would like to be able to run a report that groups the three clients mentioned earlier the private company and the two individuals. In such a case the two individual client records would point/link to the private company client record and the private company client record would link to no others. In each client record therefore there should be a relationship link attribute that allows this linking. So now give those questions answers as according to all the current asspects: (1) E-R diagram: adherence to our standard, assumptions made, inclusion of correct primary and foreign keys, appropriate entities, relationships, and attributes. (2) Relational data structures: correct and meaningful translation of your E-R diagram. (3) Normalisation: appropriate interpretation of each normal form, arguments for leaving the schema in the normal form you consider optimal. (4) Conversion of E-R diagram to relational schema: schema is a correct translation of the E-R submitted with appropriate tables, columns, and primary keys Answer: (1) E-R diagram (2)Relational DataStructures (A) It contains the different structures provided by CQR to the clients CQRStructureTypes( Structure varchar(50), Description varchar(200) primaryKey(Structure) ); (B) It contains the different sectors provided by CQR to group the clents CQRSectorTypes( Sector varchar(50), Description varchar(200) primaryKey(Sector) ); (C) It contains the different services provided by CQR to the clients CQRServicesTypes( Service varchar(50), Description varchar(200) primaryKey(Service) ); (D) ParentClientID is just to have link for individuals who are part of any private client. CQRClientsInfo( ClientID varchar(10), Name varchar(20), Address varchar(100), ContactNumber varchar(20), ABN varchar(20), TFN varchar(20), Structure varchar(50), Sector varchar(50), Service varchar(50), ParentClientID varchar(10) primaryKey(ClientID, Sector, Service) foreignKey(Structure) referenced by CQRStructureTypes(Structure) foreignKey(Service) referenced by CQRStructureTypes(Service) foreignKey(Sector) referenced by CQRStructureTypes(Sector) ); (E) It contains information about different domains CQR supports CQREmploymentDomains( EmploymentDomain varchar(20), Description varchar(200) primaryKey(EmploymentDomain); ); (F) It contains information about different employee types CQR supports CQREmpTypes( EmpType varchar(20), Description varchar(200) primaryKey(EmpType); ); (G) It contains emploees information CQREmployeesInfo( EmpID varchar(10), EmploymentDomain varchar(20), EmpType varchar(10), BillingRate float, SupervisorID varchar(10) primaryKey(EmpID, EmploymentDomain); foreignKey(EmploymentDomain) references to CQREmploymentDomains(EmploymentDomain); foreignKey(EmpType) references to CQREmpTypes(EmpType); ); (H) It contins the employee hour rates history CQREmployeeHourRatesHostory( EmpID varchar(10), StartDate Date, EndDate Date, BillingRate float foreignKey(EmpID) references to CQREmployeesInfo(EmpID) ); (I) It contains the work categories those can be done to client CQRWorkCategories( WorkCategory varchar(20), Charge flaot primaryKey(WorkCategory) ); (J) It contians the Client billing information CQRClientBilling( ClientID varchar(10), EmpID varchar(10), WorkCategory varchar(20), StartTime Date, EndTime Date, Bill float primaryKey(ClientID, EmpID, WorkCategory) foreignKey(ClientID) references to CQRClientsInfo(ClientID) foreignKey(EmpID) references to CQREmployeesInfo(EmpID) ); (3)Normalisation of relations which identifies (A)Many clients can be mapped to same strucure type CQRClientsInfo ----many-one------ CQRStructureTypes (B) same clients can be mapped many sectors and many clients mapped to many secotrs CQRClientsInfo ----many-many------ CQRSecotrsTypes (C)Same clients can be mapped many services and many clients mapped to many services CQRClientsInfo ----many-many------ CQRServiceTypes (D) Same employees mapped to many domains and many employees mapped to many domains CQREmployeesInfo ----many-many------ CQREmploymentDomains (E)Many employees mapped to one employee type CQREmployeesInfo ----one-many------ CQREmpTypes (F) One client mapped to many works and many clients mapped one work. CQRClientBilling ----many-many------ CQRWorkCategories (G)CQRClientsInfo is not in 1NF as address field is not atomic CQRClientsInfo key (ClientID, Sector, Service), rest of the columns depending on ClientID which is part of the key. It is not in 2NF. CQREmployeesInfo key (EmpID, EmploymentDomain), rest of the columns depending on EmpID which is part of the key. It is not in 2NF. CQRClientBilling key (ClientID, EmpID, WorkCategory), rest of the columns depending on ClientID which is part of the key, it is not in 2NF. Rest all other relations maintained in 3NF. (4)Relational schema corrected to 3NF: CQRStructureTypes(Structure, Description, primaryKey(Structure)); CQRSectorTypes(Sector, Description, primaryKey(Sector)); CQRServicesTypes(Service, Description, primaryKey(Service)); CQRClientsInfo(ClientID, Name, StreetName, City, Country, ContactNumber, ABN, TFN, Structure, ParentClientID, primaryKey(ClientID), foreignKey(Structure) referenced by CQRStructureTypes(Structure)); CQRClientsSectors(ClientID, Sector, primaryKey(ClientID, Sector), foreignKey(Sector) referenced by CQRSectorsTypes(Sector)); CQRClientsServices(ClientID, Service, primaryKey(ClientID, Service), foreignKey(Service) referenced by CQRServicessTypes(Service)); CQREmployeeHourRatesHostory(EmpID, StartDate, EndDate, BillingRate, foreignKey(EmpID) references to CQREmployeesInfo(EmpID)); CQRWorkCategories(WorkCategory, Charge, primaryKey(WorkCategory)); CQRClientBilling(ClientID, StartTime, EndTime, primaryKey(ClientID)); CQRClientWorkCategories(ClientID, WorkCategory primaryKey(ClientID) foreignKey(WorkCategory) references to CQRWorkCategories(WorkCategory)); CQRClientEmployees(ClientID, EmpID primaryKey(ClientID) foreignKey(EmpID) references to CQREmployeesInfo(EmpID));